Parts Cleaner: The Role of Chlorinated Solvents in Metal Cleaning

Manufacturers and plant managers face a difficultrate.
challenge when choosing a surface cleaner. There areAfter drying is complete, the vapors travel through
many options on the market, ranging from aqueousan activated carbon recovery system, which reduces
or semi-aqueous solutions, to flammable hydrocarbonfurther the already negligible emissions produced by
solvents, or to fluorinated/brominated solvents. In thisthe machine.
crowded field, one process is exceptional in its abilityUsing a sealed chamber system prevents solvent
to produce a clean, dry part at a modest price, theloss. By distilling the soil laden solvent for re-use,
chlorinated solvent.hermetically sealed units also save companies on
Over the last two decades, manufacturers movedcleaner costs over that of alkaline based blends that
away from chlorinated solvents due toare used in aqueous systems and must be replaced
misunderstood environmental concerns. Chlorinateddue to drag out and steam exhaust continuously.
solvents such as perchlorethylene, trichloroethylene,These hermetically sealed units are appropriate for a
and methylene chloride dumped into the samewide range of industries. Cutlery, Electrical contact
category as111-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)Manufacturing, shoe soles, metallic lights, working
which was phased out of production, due to itspolyurethane, turned steel, steel pipes, steel coils,
ozone depletion potential. Meanwhile, worldwide thealuminum parts, small diameter steel and copper pipes
other chlorinated solvents continue to be viewed asup to 25 feet, brass parts, heat exchangers, locks,
acceptable substitutes for ozone depleting solvents.keys, padlocks, small bearings, plumbing fittings,
It would be unwise to rule out chlorinated solvents.glasses, TV components, circuit boards, micro chips,
They are not appropriate for every part, but thereswitch components, measuring instruments, lighting
are times when they are the proper cleaner for thearticles, refrigerator parts, aircraft and weapon
application. In these instances, it is better that thecomponents, medical implant, surgical appliances,
manufacturer invest in a machine able to make usedental parts, dental equipment, dental supplies and
of chlorinated solvents, rather than attempt a partsframes, eye wear, toys, ball point pens, Teflon seals,
cleaner with an alternative that does not produce thefasteners, and needles are all industries that benefit
same quality.from the hermetically sealed process.
Hermetically sealed solvent cleaning systems performChlorinated solvents will continue to be available. PERC
their cleaning operations within a sealed chamber indemand has remained steady or increased in recent
which solvent is introduced only after the chamber isyears as a result of their use as raw materials in the
closed. By sealing the process, the machine shieldsproduction of refrigerant alternatives to CFCs. The
operators from exposure to the chlorinated solventproducers of this solvent remain committed to
vapors. The used soil laden solvent is then distilled,serving their markets for many years to come.
then condensed back to fluid for re-use in the nextPERC can be used safely. From the point of view of
cleaning operation.health and the environment, the chlorinated solvents
The process is particularly effective with parts thatare among the most thoroughly studied industrial
contain recesses, blind holes, perforations, crevices,chemicals. Animal tests and epidemiological studies
and welded seams. The solvent vapors are able toindicate that when the solvents are handled, used,
effectively penetrate these hard to reach areas, asand disposed of in accordance with recommended
well as complicated assemblies. In addition, solidand mandated practices, they do not cause adverse
particles left in the part from the manufacturinghealth or environmental effects. Last complete study
process are removed by the mechanical washingcovering this subject was carried out by ACSH and
action of the machine, which can include an ultrasonicpublished in July 2001.
transducer to implode heavy soil and oil deposits byPicking a parts cleaner is a critical part of the
breaking the surface tension from the metal surface.production process. The proper chemistry must be
Hermetically sealed machines are ideal for manyused, in the right concentration, and at the correct
different manufacturing processes. They are able totemperatures in order to properly clean the part. If
remove tough soil from parts as well as reaching intothe right chemistry is not chosen, then it is possible
tiny crevices contained in parts with convolutedthat the part will be damaged or not cleaned to
shapes. The stages of a hermetically cleaned partscustomer specifications.
include solvent spray gross cleaning, immersion, andFar from replacing chlorinated solvents with
vapor rinsing before exiting the machine, leaving themalternative cleaning technologies, manufacturers may
perfectly cleaned. Air re-circulation and vacuums drywish to seriously consider surface cleaning with
the parts in their final stages, removing solvent stillchlorinated solvents as the most efficient, effective
present on the part and also reducing theand economical cleaning process for precision
consumption of the machine to a near 0 emissionproducts.