| There are several differences depending | | | | Waste disposal: The left over pupls and |
| on the certain classification of paper | | | | material that are no longer needed |
| that is being recycled (newspaper, | | | | (sludge), is usally placed inside a |
| magazines, fiberboard). Recycling these | | | | landfill. Then to create energy, the |
| products involves many processes as | | | | materials are then burned to use at the |
| listed below. | | | | mill or local farmers often use the |
| Pulping: Adding water then engaging | | | | materials as fertilizer for crops. |
| mechanical action to divide fibers from | | | | Standards |
| each other. | | | | Paper is one of the most common |
| Screening: Using a screen-like material, | | | | recycling materials on earth. The |
| with small holes so that the larger | | | | average amount of recycling for each |
| contaminants may be removed. | | | | paper is 4-6 times due to the weakening |
| Centrifugal cleaning: Removing the more | | | | of the fibers. To provide more strength |
| dense materials by spinning the pulp | | | | the virgin pulp is mixed together with |
| slurry with a cleaner. | | | | the paper being recycled. |
| Flotation: Letting air bubbles that are | | | | There is not a standard of the maximum |
| passing by to enter the pulp slurry | | | | percentage that a virgin pulp can be in |
| causes the ink particles to cluster with | | | | recycled paper. Most recycled paper has |
| the surface foam. With the contaminated | | | | anywhere from 10%-100% used paper in it. |
| foam removed, the pulp is adapted into a | | | | Many companies that receive government |
| brighter material. Sometimes deinking is | | | | money, state governments that collect |
| the term used for this process. | | | | funding; therefore, a 50% post-consumer |
| Dispersion or Kneading: A mechanical | | | | recycled paper is the standard for use. |
| action is enforced to breakdown the | | | | The EPA doesn't control recycled paper |
| particles that may be contaminant. | | | | being used outside of our government. |
| Washing: The water is ran through the | | | | The only duty they have it setting a |
| pulp to removed the smaller particles | | | | minimum guideline to go by. There are |
| still within the water. | | | | three divions of paper the may be |
| Bleaching: This is dependent upon the | | | | purchased for feedstocks, including: pre |
| color of paper needed. For the most | | | | post-consumer waste. The trimmings left |
| common (white), hydrosulfites or | | | | over at a virgin paper mill are |
| peroxides are used to removed the color. | | | | described as the mill broke. The |
| Papermaking: The newly bleached fibers | | | | material that was sent for customers to |
| are made into the new paper product | | | | purchase but was not ready are |
| using the same concept as the virgin | | | | pre-consumer waste, and the material |
| paper was made. | | | | thrown away after being used is defined |
| Dissolved air flotation: To reuse the | | | | as post-consumer waste. |
| processed water is cleaned once more. | | | | |