| Many industrial concerns have workshops of | | | | |
| their own. For the | | | | while the milling and drilling machines use |
| | | | multiple-point-cutting |
| repair of worn shafts, the lathe machine is | | | | |
| excellent. Keyway | | | | tools.Metal is cut either by moving the work |
| | | | piece like in the lathe or |
| slots can be machined by using a milling | | | | |
| machine, while a | | | | by moving the tool like in the shaping |
| | | | machine, drilling or |
| shaping machine can do machining of large | | | | |
| flat areas. A | | | | milling machine. Clearance angles must be |
| | | | provided to prevent the |
| drilling machine does drilling of holes.A | | | | |
| skilled Maintenance Engineer should know how | | | | tool surface below the cutting edge from |
| to use all these | | | | rubbing against the work |
| | | | |
| machines in order to make his own repairs in | | | | piece. Rake angles are often provided on |
| a safe manner. Very | | | | cutting tools to cause a |
| | | | |
| often he has to supervise machinists. The | | | | wedging action in the formation of chips and |
| information below | | | | to reduce friction and |
| | | | |
| should be useful for that purpose.Lathe | | | | heat.Tool MaterialsIn order to remove chips |
| MachineThe lathe machine uses a | | | | from a work piece, a cutting tool must be |
| single-point-cutting tool for a variety | | | | |
| | | | harder than the work piece and must maintain |
| of turning, facing, and drilling jobs. | | | | a cutting edge at the |
| Excess metal is removed | | | | |
| | | | temperature produced by the friction of the |
| by rotating the work piece over the fixed | | | | cutting action.Carbon SteelCarbon steel tools |
| cutting tool to form | | | | even though comparatively inexpensive tend to |
| | | | |
| straight or tapered cylindrical shapes, | | | | |
| grooves, shoulders and | | | | lose cutting ability at temperatures around |
| | | | 400 degree F (205 |
| screw threads. It can also be used for | | | | |
| facing flat surfaces on | | | | degree C).High-Speed SteelHigh-speed steel, |
| | | | containing 18 percent tungsten, 4 percent |
| the ends of cylindrical parts.The work piece | | | | chromium, |
| is clamped onto a horizontal rotating shaft | | | | |
| by a | | | | 1 percent vanadium, and only 0.5 to 0.8 |
| | | | percent carbon, permits the |
| 3-jaw or 4-jaw chuck. The latter chuck can | | | | |
| be used to cut | | | | operation of tools twice or three times the |
| | | | speeds allowable with |
| off-centered cylinders. The rotating | | | | |
| horizontal spindle to which | | | | carbon steelCast AlloysCast-alloy |
| | | | cutting-tool materials containing cobalt, |
| the chuck is attached is usually driven at | | | | chromium, and |
| speeds that can be | | | | |
| | | | tungsten are effective in cutting cast iron |
| varied.The cutting tool is fixed onto a tool | | | | and retaining their |
| rest and manipulated by | | | | |
| | | | cutting ability even when red hot.Cemented |
| hand. It can also be power driven on | | | | Tungsten CarbideThe hardness of Tungsten |
| straight paths parallel or | | | | Carbide approaches that of a diamond. |
| | | | |
| perpendicular to the work axis. This is | | | | Tungsten carbide tools can be operated at |
| useful for screw cutting.Internal turning | | | | cutting speeds many times |
| known as boring results in the enlargement of | | | | |
| | | | higher than those used with high-speed |
| | | | steel.OxidesCeramic, or oxide, tool tips |
| an already existing hole. The holes are more | | | | consist primarily of fine aluminum oxide |
| accurate in | | | | |
| | | | grains, which are bonded together. These are |
| roundness, concentricity, and parallelism | | | | very hard.Cutting fluidsAn overheated tool |
| than drilled holes. A | | | | can become blunt and soft very fast. |
| | | | Therefore |
| hole is bored with a single-point-cutting | | | | |
| tool that feeds along | | | | very often, cooling fluids cools the cutting |
| | | | points of the tool. This |
| the inside of the work piece.Shaping | | | | |
| MachineThe shaping machine is used to machine | | | | serves to lubricate and cool.Water is an |
| flat surfaces, grooves, | | | | excellent cooling medium, but it corrodes |
| | | | ferrous |
| shoulders, T-slots, and angular surfaces | | | | |
| with single-point tools. | | | | materials. Sulfurized mineral oil is one of |
| | | | the most popular coolants |
| The cutting tool on the shaper oscillates, | | | | |
| cutting on the forward | | | | as it can both cool as well as lubricate. |
| | | | The sulfur prevents chips |
| stroke, with the work piece feeding | | | | |
| automatically toward the tool | | | | from the work from melting on to the tip of |
| | | | the tool.Move Closer To Financial |
| during each return stroke.Drilling | | | | Freedom!Best selling author of the megahits |
| MachineThe drilling machine is used to cut | | | | Nothing Down and Creating |
| holes in metal with a twist | | | | |
| | | | Wealth, shares the secret of success. |
| drill. By changing the cutting tool, they | | | | Generate wealth and |
| can be used to do | | | | |
| | | | profit over $100,000 a year - on a part time |
| reaming, boring, counter boring, | | | | basis, working |
| countersinking, and threading.Milling | | | | |
| MachineThe milling machine uses a rotating | | | | from your home, on found money - using |
| cutting tool to cut flat | | | | little or none of your |
| | | | |
| surfaces, grooves, and shoulders, inclined | | | | own money. |
| surfaces, dovetails, | | | | |
| | | | years of working experience in Marine, |
| and T-slots. Cutters of many shapes are | | | | Facilities, |
| changed to cut different | | | | |
| | | | Construction has given the author material |
| grooves.Cutting ToolsMetal-cutting tools are | | | | for writing e-books |
| classified as single point or multiple | | | | |
| | | | and articles related to engineering, and |
| point. The lathe and shaping machine use | | | | management. |
| single point cutting tool | | | | |